C Language Introduction

 C is a procedural programming language initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in the year 1972 at Bell Laboratories of AT&T Labs.

Why Should We Learn C?

 Many later languages have borrowed syntax/features directly or indirectly from the 
 C language like the syntax of Java, PHP, JavaScript, and many other languages that
 are mainly based on the C language.

Algorithms

 An algorithm is a step-by-step, finite set of well-defined instructions or rules
 designed to perform a specific task or solve a particular problem. It takes an input,
 processes it, and produces an output within a finite amount of time. Algorithms are
 the foundation of computer science and programming, enabling software and
 systems to function efficiently and accurately.

 Key Characteristics of an Algorithm
 1.Input: The algorithm receives input, which is the data that will be processed.

 2.Output: The algorithm produces an output after processing the input.

 3.Definiteness: Each step of the algorithm must be precisely and unambiguously defined.

 4.Finiteness: The algorithm must always terminate after a finite number of steps.

 5.Effectiveness: The steps must be basic enough to be carried out, in principle, by a human using paper and pencil.

 6.Generality: The algorithm should be applicable to a broad set of inputs, not just a single instance.

An algorithm should possess the following characteristics

1.Each and every instruction should be precise and clear
2.Each instruction should be performed a finite number of times.
3.The algorithm should ultimately terminate
4.When the algorithm terminates the desired result should be obtained

Algorithm

1Start
2.Input/Read
3.Process
4Decision
5.Print

Example of a Simple Algorithm

Calculate Summation of 3 no
i.Start
ii.Input A,B,C
iii.Sum = A+B+C
iv.Print
v.End

Flowchart

•A flowchart is a visual representation of the sequence of steps and decisions needed to perform a process.
•Each step in the sequence is noted within a diagram shape.
•Steps are linked by connecting lines and directional arrows.
• This allows anyone to view the flowchart and logically follow the process from beginning to end

Flowchart Symbols

Symbol	Names	Function
🟢	Start/End	An oval represents a start or end point
➡️	Arrows	A line is a connector that shows relationships between the shapes
▭	Input/Output	A parallelogram represents input or output
🔲	Process	A rectangle represents a process
🔶	Decision	A diamond represents a decision

Flowchart for Addition Of 2 No

Structure of C Program

Sample C Program

 #include < stdio.h >
 #include < conio.h >
 int main()
 { 
       printf(“Hello World!”);
 return 0;
 }


 //Output 
                 Hello World!